Tomatoes Made Purple -- For Your Health

Oct. 27, 2008 -- Scientists have grown genetically-engineered purple tomatoes in an unusual endeavor to promote healthy food.

The tomatoes include two genes taken from the snapdragon flower (Antirrhinum majus) to enable them to express a compound called anthocyanin, the purple pigment found in high levels in fruit such as blackberries and cranberries.

Previous research has found that anthocyanins offer protection against certain cancers, cardiovascular disease and degenerative diseases, and may also hinder inflammation, obesity and diabetes.

The study is published online on by Nature Biotechnology, a journal of the London-based Nature Publishing Group.

Researcher Cathie Martin from the John Innes Center, a biotechnology institute in Norwich, eastern England, said the point behind the purple toms was to boost the healthiness of diets.

More than 20 years ago, the National Cancer Institute of America initiated a "five-a-day" program to encourage Americans to consume at least five portions of fruit and vegetables daily.

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But the numbers of Americans achieving this goal has declined over the last 10 years. Less than one in four reach the "five-a-day" target.

The failure of awareness campaigns has shifted the balance in favor of food with higher levels of healthy compounds, especially in ingredients that people eat in large amounts, argued Martin.

"Most people do not eat five portions of fruits and vegetables a day, but they can get more benefit from those they do eat if common fruit and veg can be developed that are higher in bioactive compounds," she said.

After creating the purple tomatoes in a lab, the team tested the products on mice that they had engineered to make them susceptible to cancer.