Question 2 of 21

As a young child, Erikson lived _________.

... Because his father left before Erikson's birth in 1902, his mother raised him alone for three years. When his mother married Theodor Homberger, the young boy became Erik Homberger. He didn't formally change his name until becoming an American citizen as an adult.

Question 3 of 21

Before becoming a psychoanalyst, Erikson worked as a __________.

... After studying art in Germany, Erikson went to Vienna and taught art to the children of Americans attending medical school.

Question 4 of 21

Erikson received his Ph.D. from ________.

... Erikson never completed formal post-secondary education. He finished high school but never attended university.

Question 5 of 21

Erikson's theory of development has ________ stages.

... Erikson recognized eight stages, extending from birth to death, that roughly coincided with age ranges. Each stage places a different demand upon a person, so a new crisis arises during each.

Question 6 of 21

If babies do not learn trust at stage one of their development, Erikson believed they would ________ their peers later in life.

... When babies' needs for food, human interaction and care are not met, they become suspicious and mistrustful. Without this early connection to others, they lack empathy later in life.

Question 7 of 21

In the toddler phase (stage two), Erikson thought it was vital for children to achieve ________.

... Toddlers need to become independent in basic skills such as dressing, feeding themselves and using the toilet. If parents are not supportive and encouraging, these skills are not realized, leading to shame and doubt.

Question 8 of 21

At the preschool age (Erikson's stage three), the child begins to develop initiative. If this is not reinforced, the child feels ________.

... Children who are not encouraged to be socially, intellectually and physically independent develop feelings of guilt. They believe everything they do is wrong.

Question 9 of 21

During stage four, the elementary school years, children want to develop their abilities to make, create and build. Erikson believed in the importance of ________.

... Children who are allowed to explore on their own and finish what they've started develop a sense of industry. If they are not encouraged, or if they are routinely criticized during these projects for being messy or naughty, children develop feelings of inferiority.

Question 10 of 21

According to Erikson, during stage five, if adolescents are not able to make choices and decisions that lead them to develop their identities, they might suffer from __________.

... Adolescents must "find themselves" and make decisions regarding where they fit into the world. If they are unable to achieve this, role confusion can lead to problems such as promiscuity, drug use or criminal activity.

Question 11 of 21

Early adulthood, Erikson's stage six, is characterized by a focus on intimacy, which requires __________.

... Adults who are not able to establish a sense of intimacy with friends or loved ones become isolated. They are unable to form commitments.

Question 12 of 21

Success at stage seven (middle adulthood) is characterized by "generativity," which Erikson defined as __________.

... Generativity refers to caretaking, both within the family and in the larger world. Adults may be concerned with raising their children and improving society for future generations. If this stage is not reached, adults run the risk of becoming self-absorbed.

Question 13 of 21

To Erikson, an important aspect of stage eight during later adulthood was __________.

... Erikson anticipated that, by this stage, adults would look back on their lives with satisfaction. If not, they run the risk of falling into despair and becoming fearful of death.

Question 14 of 21

Each stage has positive and negative aspects; greatest development occurs when ________.

... People develop best when positive experiences dominate but there is exposure to negative sides. For example, trust is important, but it is ill-advised to trust everyone equally and blindly.

Question 15 of 21

If their needs are not met at the appropriate age, people ___________.

... It is possible to make up a deficit from a previous stage. For example, a child can develop trust even if parents have been neglectful. Intervention from a caring, responsive adult can resolve the "crisis."

Question 16 of 21

Erikson trained under _________.

... Erikson worked with Sigmund Freud's daughter Anna in Vienna, Austria. The younger Freud focused on the development and analysis of children.

Question 17 of 21

A critical distinction between Erikson's and Sigmund Freud's view of development concerned the _________.

... Erikson believed that psychosocial development continued throughout life, while Freud maintained that personalities were determined by the time a person was five years old.

Question 18 of 21

Erikson and Sigmund Freud DID agree that personality differences between males and females arose from ________.

... Both Erikson and Freud recognized a biological difference: the presence or absence of a penis. Erikson's views were solidified during his observations of pre-adolescents creating scenes using blocks and toy figures.

Question 19 of 21

Which of the following populations did Erikson study?

... Erikson explored the psychological world of many groups, including Sioux parents in South Dakota, distressed American soldiers and people living in India.

Question 20 of 21

Erikson coined which term?

... An identity crisis results from the frustration of trying to determine one's place in the world during adolescence. It's likely that Erikson experienced his own identity crisis. He learned his "father" was, in fact, his stepfather; he attended art school against parental objections; he immigrated to the U.S.; and he changed his last name from Homberger to Erikson.

Question 21 of 21

Erikson was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his book on ___________.

... Erikson won the Pulitzer in 1970 for "Gandhi's Truths," a psychological study of the peace and human rights activist.

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