Question 2 of 21

Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier to infection?

... Physical barriers to infection include urine, stomach acid, tears, mucus, skin, mucus membranes and earwax.

Question 3 of 21

When you get a fever in reaction to an infection, the temperature of your body has been reset by which part of your brain?

... The hypothalamus regulates your body's temperature like a thermostat, raising the temperature when there is an infection.

Question 4 of 21

The pattern of a person's temperature does not usually help diagnose the infection; however, a fever pattern is seen with _______.

... When a person has malaria, the fever commonly shows up every other day or every third day.

Question 5 of 21

One kind of T cell (a type of white blood cell) is known as a ______ T cell.

... Killer T cells locate body cells that shelter viruses and eliminate those cells.

Question 6 of 21

Adenoids, which are part of the immune system, usually begin to shrink around age ______.

... Adenoids help babies and young children fight infection. They are usually shrinking by age five and may be essentially nonfunctional by the teen years.

Question 7 of 21

In developed countries, infections are NOT commonly spread through ______.

... In developed countries, infections are most commonly transmitted through air, blood, skin contact or sexual contact but not through food.

Question 8 of 21

White blood cells recognize invading cells and usually leave your own body cells alone because of the _______.

... Like a sort of cellular name tag, the major histocompatibility complex is a system within every cell that identifies it as being part of your specific body. Therefore, it should not be attacked.

Question 9 of 21

Inflammation is an immune response to address injury. Which of the following is your body's response to inflammation?

... Inflammation instructs the body to create a barrier, attack intruders, eliminate dead or injured tissue and begin the mending process on surviving tissue.

Question 10 of 21

Langerhans cells are located primarily in which part of the body?

... Langerhans cells are most commonly found in the skin, where they regulate immune responses.

Question 11 of 21

The thymus is located in the _______.

... The thymus lies in the chest, between the heart and breast bone, and is especially important for an infant's immune system.

Question 12 of 21

The spleen filters ______ to locate invading cells.

... The spleen checks the blood for outside aggressors. It also searches for worn out red blood cells.

Question 13 of 21

Antibodies are composed of ______.

... Antibodies are proteins produced by white blood cells to fight against specific bacteria, viruses or contaminants.

Question 14 of 21

Hormones ________.

... Hormones can either help or hinder the immune system. Some hormones, such as estrogen, give a boost to the immune system. Others, such as steroids, slow down the body's immune system response.

Question 15 of 21

Interferon allows cells to _______.

... Interferon lets cell pass signals. If a cell senses interferon in other cells, it begins making proteins that inhibit replication of viruses.

Question 16 of 21

Many white blood cells are different from other body cells because they _______.

... Many white blood cells cannot multiply on their own, so they are made in the bone marrow.

Question 17 of 21

Which of the following is non-living but can still cause infections?

... Viruses do not have enough components to be considered living cells. They do not have cell membranes nor can they reproduce without host cells.

Question 18 of 21

Lymph nodes, which contain immune cells, are NOT found in the _________.

... While lymph nodes are found throughout the body -- such as in the abdomen, armpits, groin and neck -- they aren't found in the feet.

Question 19 of 21

Most bacteria that cause infections live _________.

... Although a few kinds of bacteria must actually enter cells to survive, most live in the area between body cells.

Question 20 of 21

Which of the following is caused by a malfunctioning immune system?

... In juvenile-onset diabetes, the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Other autoimmune diseases include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease.

Question 21 of 21

What is pus?

... Pus consists of dead neutrophils -- the most common white blood cells -- as well as other cellular waste.

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