Question 2 of 21

The "G" in the GFCF diet stands for _______.

... Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye, as well as in variations of these (e.g., triticale, a hybrid of wheat and rye). "GF" refers to foods that are "gluten free."

Question 3 of 21

The "C" in the GFCF diet represents __________.

... Dairy products (e.g., milk, cheese) naturally contain the protein "casein." It is also used as a binding agent in some processed foods. "CF" signifies casein-free.

Question 4 of 21

The premise behind the GFCF diet is that some people have _________.

... The basic presumption is that some people have abnormally permeable intestines (leaky gut) that allow substances to pass through them into the bloodstream, where they travel throughout the body, most importantly to the brain. Some people think negative reactions to gluten and casein are caused by allergies; others believe they are non-allergic immune system responses.

Question 5 of 21

Some people believe that once gluten and casein reach the brain they act like ________.

... There is a theory that the two proteins function like narcotic opiates and interfere with standard brain chemistry.

Question 6 of 21

About how many children have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

... According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), about 1 in 88 children fall somewhere along the autism spectrum. It is diagnosed far more often in boys (1 in 54) than in girls (1 in 252).

Question 7 of 21

In the U.S., what percentage of school-aged children have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

... According to the American Psychiatric Association, 3 to 7 percent of American kids have ADHD. More than twice as many boys as girls receive that diagnosis.

Question 8 of 21

Which of the following foods should be AVOIDED on a GFCF diet?

... Unless specifically labeled gluten-free, soy sauce usually contains that protein. Many foods are considered safe, such as beans, nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables and rice.

Question 9 of 21

Which of the following foods is allowed on a GFCF diet?

... Potatoes contain neither gluten nor casein. Other non-restricted foods include eggs, meat, cornmeal and soy milk.

Question 10 of 21

People following the GFCF diet may lack which of the following nutrients?

... Because of the severe dietary restrictions, people may become deficient in calcium, fiber, and vitamins A, D and B complex. Vitamin supplements and calcium additives (such as calcium-fortified orange juice) might be recommended by a doctor.

Question 11 of 21

Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota advises parents who are considering putting their children on a GFCF diet to ________.

... A journal that tracks what foods have been consumed as well as subsequent behaviors can be useful to parents as they try to determine the effectiveness of the diet. The medical center also recommends making changes gradually, since it is a comparably limited diet. GFCF diet foods should not be prepared with other foods, such as in the same toaster. In addition, some nonfood items may contain the restricted proteins.

Question 12 of 21

A study from Stavanger University College in Norway studied the GFCF diet using children who had both autism and unusual amounts of __________ in the urine.

... In the 2002 study, researchers evaluated the use of the GFCF diet on 10 children who had autism and high levels of peptides (molecules formed by amino acids) in their urine. Gluten and casein are broken down into peptides. Results indicated that children on the diet were more communicative and had less autistic behaviors than children in a control group who maintained their regular diet.

Question 13 of 21

A 2012 study from Penn State found that children with ASD were also likely to suffer from _________.

... The survey included 387 parents and caregivers, and many of their children had allergies and gastrointestinal problems. Those children were more likely to benefit from the GFCF diet than children without the additional problems (their behavior and social interaction improved with the dietary change).

Question 14 of 21

The Penn State researchers speculated that children with allergies and gastrointestinal problems got the most benefit from the diet because it led to ________.

... Children with ASD whose allergic or gastrointestinal symptoms were alleviated by the diet may have been more open to social and learning activities because they were no longer in pain.

Question 15 of 21

The Penn State study revealed that children with ASD showed the most benefits ________.

... Children showed the greatest amount of progress when the diet was most restrictive and both gluten and casein were eliminated. The best results were revealed after six months on the diet.

Question 16 of 21

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), people with ADHD are more likely to suffer from ________.

... The NIH reported a German study that determined people with ADHD are more prone to celiac disease, a severe intestinal disorder caused by gluten. Both ADHD and gastrointestinal symptoms were found to be alleviated with a gluten-free diet.

Question 17 of 21

According to Dr. Lidy Pelsser of the ADHD Research Centre in the Netherlands, what percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD actually have a severe sensitivity to food?

... Dr. Pelsser published an article in the medical journal "Lancet" describing a study that significantly limited the diets of kids with ADHD and resulted in dramatic positive behavioral changes. She suspects that more than 60 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD are actually having severe reactions to food.

Question 18 of 21

A GFCF diet can be difficult to maintain because gluten and casein are often ingredients in processed foods. Which of the following foods normally contains one of these proteins?

... Licorice and many other soft candies contain gluten as a binding agent. In addition, there may be cross-contamination from other foods processed in a manufacturing plant.

Question 19 of 21

A 2009 study published in "Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders" examined 14 different experiments that attempted to affect autism spectrum disorder through diet. The examiners determined that _________.

... Researchers from the U.S., New Zealand and Italy determined that most of the studies they inspected had significant methodological errors, such as lack of an experimental design or a control group. Only three studies were considered rigorous.

Question 20 of 21

The "Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders" study found that the GFCF diet could be problematic because ______.

... Children on the GFCF diet often had social problems because of it. They were severely limited as to the foods they could eat while at a party or dining out, and this resulted in negative attention.

Question 21 of 21

One problem with restricting the diet of children with ASD is that they often _________.

... Many children with ASD are very selective about what they eat and significantly limit the foods they find acceptable. When faced with an even more restrictive diet (such as GFCF), those children may stop eating.

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