Question 2 of 21

In formulating his laws of planetary motion, Johannes Kepler had to modify Copernicus's assumption that the __________.

... In attempting to solve a perceived problem explaining the orbit of Mars, Kepler realized that the planets had to have elliptical, not circular, orbits.

Question 3 of 21

Newton's laws of motion were originally published in ___________.

... In 1687, Newton's "Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica" was published in Latin.

Question 4 of 21

The primary difference between Newton's Laws of Motion and the Aristotlean view focuses on ________.

... Newton realized that an object stays in motion unless a force is applied; Aristotle believed that a force was necessary to keep an object in motion.

Question 5 of 21

Boyle's Law of gases is based on which property?

... Boyle observed that gases have elasticity: No matter how they are manipulated, they return to their starting shape and size. His law identifies the relationship between volume and pressure: at a stable temperature, as one increases, the other decreases proportionally.

Question 6 of 21

Ohm's Law showed the relationship between current, voltage and __________.

... Ohm's Law is used for creating electrical circuits. It indicates that current is equal to voltage divided by resistance.

Question 7 of 21

The second law of thermodynamics can be used to explain why _______.

... All of the above. The second law indicates that heat energy always moves from hot to cold.

Question 8 of 21

Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, who identified the law of conservation of mass, developed the use of which equipment to support his conclusions?

... Lavoisier used an underwater, sealed chamber to show that matter is neither created nor destroyed, even with gases.

Question 9 of 21

The law of the conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. The only exception to this is ___________.

... During nuclear reactions, mass is converted to energy. This occurs in stars and nuclear reactors.

Question 10 of 21

Robert Hooke, who developed Hooke's Law of Elasticity (used in mechanics and physics), worked in many scientific disciplines and coined the term "_________."

... Hooke used the word "cell" to describe parts of plants he observed under a microscope. He thought they looked like the rooms where monks lived, their "cellula."

Question 11 of 21

Based on Archimedes's Law of the Lever, if a 180-pound (82-kilogram) father is sitting two feet (0.6 meters) from the center of a teeter totter, how far away from the center should his 60-pound (27-kilogram) child sit to achieve balance?

... The Law of the Lever specifies that unequal forces (differing masses of dad and child) can be balanced by varying the distance from the fulcrum proportionally. Therefore the son, his father weighing three times more than him, should sit three times farther away from the center -- or 6 feet (1.8 meters) away.

Question 12 of 21

Charles's Law explains how gases expand when __________.

... Charles's Law details how gases tend to expand when heated.

Question 13 of 21

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure states that a mixture of gases in a container has pressure equal to the sum of the pressure of each gas if it were alone in the container. This assumes that the gases act like _________ gases.

... Dalton's Law works on the assumption that the gases are ideal gases and match four criteria (Kinetic Theory of Gases), one of which is that they are composed of molecules in constant random motion.

Question 14 of 21

Newton's Law of Gravity states that each object in the universe is _________.

... Gravity is a pull among all bodies in the universe. The larger the body, the greater the pull.

Question 15 of 21

Hubble's Law of Cosmic Expansion allows the comparison of __________.

... Hubble's Law makes it possible to compare movements of entire galaxies.

Question 16 of 21

C.P. Snow, a British physicist, summarized the laws of thermodynamics as a game:

... Snow compared the laws to a game, where the odds are stacked against a player who can't win, break even or quit.

Question 17 of 21

Fick's First Law of Diffusion could be used to explain __________.

... Fick's First Law states that molecules move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. One example of this is the movement of molecules from the surface of water into the air.

Question 18 of 21

Avogadro's Law states that two samples of ideal gases have the same number of molecules provided they also have the same volume, temperature and ______.

... Avogadro's Law says if two containers held identical volumes of ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure, they would have the same number of molecules.

Question 19 of 21

Bernoulli's Law of Fluid Dynamics states that as fluid speed increases, the pressure in the fluid _________.

... Bernoulli's Law of Fluid Dynamics explains, in part, why planes can fly, since it accounts for the difference in pressure above (lower) and below (higher) the wings that gives the plane its lift.

Question 20 of 21

Murphy's Law, "If anything can go wrong, it will," is often compared to which scientific law because of its focus on disorganization?

... The law of entropy (the second law of thermodynamics) states that within the natural world, systems tend to move from order to disorder.

Question 21 of 21

Thorndike's Law of Effect can be used as an argument for __________.

... Edward Thorndike demonstrated that behavior that receives positive reinforcement is more likely to reoccur.

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